Evidence-Based Medical Knowledge You Can Trust
Chronic conditions and diseases are long-lasting health issues, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and hypertension, requiring ongoing management.
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. Adam N. Khan, MD. Quick Answer: How is COPD Diagnosed? Doctors diagnose Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) through a combination of your medical history, a physical exam, and a breathing test called spirometry. This test measures how much air you can breathe out and how fast you can do it. … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. Adam N. Khan, MD. Quick Answer: The 4 Stages of COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is categorized into four stages based on the GOLD System (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease). These stages are determined by how well your lungs function during a breathing test called spirometry: Living with … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. Adam N. Khan, MD. Quick Answer: A COPD exacerbation is an acute worsening of respiratory symptoms—such as shortness of breath, cough, and mucus production—that lasts for up to 14 days and often requires a change in medication. According to the 2026 GOLD Report and the Rome Proposal, doctors now use objective criteria like respiratory rate … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. Adam N. Khan, MD. Quick Answer: What Causes COPD? Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is primarily caused by long-term exposure to lung irritants. Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor, responsible for the vast majority of cases. Other significant factors include secondhand smoke, environmental pollutants, workplace dust and chemicals, and a … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. Adam N. Khan, MD. The Doll That Looks Like You For decades, Barbie has been a pilot, an astronaut, and a doctor. But for millions of children living with chronic conditions, she didn’t always look like “them.” That changed with the introduction of the Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Barbie. This … Read more
Quick Answer: Can COPD Be Cured? Currently, there is no medical “cure” that completely eliminates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or reverses lung damage. However, you can effectively manage it to stop further damage, relieve symptoms, and live a long, active life. Success depends on quitting smoking, using prescribed inhalers, and staying active through pulmonary rehab. Understanding … Read more
University of Bristol researchers have discovered a VEGF-C gene therapy that protects the kidneys and may prevent serious complications in people with type 1 diabetes Imagine waking up one day to discover that the silent thief stealing your kidney function – a complication that strikes one in three people with type 1 diabetes – could … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 3 diabetes is a nonstandard term used in two different ways: (1) as a label for brain insulin resistance linked to Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, and (2) as type 3c or pancreatogenic diabetes — diabetes that results from structural damage … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 2 diabetes happens when the body cannot use insulin properly and the pancreas can no longer keep up. Major drivers are excess body fat, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, age, and genetics. Most cases can be delayed or prevented with sustained lifestyle change, … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick answer Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar first recognized during pregnancy. It usually develops because pregnancy hormones make the body less responsive to insulin. Many cases can be prevented or their risk reduced with preconception and early-pregnancy lifestyle changes, targeted risk screening, and close … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys its own insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Genetics set the stage, but environmental triggers — infections, gut microbiome changes, and possibly early-life exposures — start the process in susceptible people. There is … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary — what this article covers Type 3 diabetes is a research term used to describe brain insulin resistance and impaired brain glucose metabolism that some investigators link to Alzheimer’s disease and related cognitive decline. It is not an official diagnostic label in major … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Type 2 diabetes is a common, long-term condition where your body does not use insulin properly. Blood sugar can drift high and stay high. Left unchecked, that causes damage to organs and nerves. This article explains the symptoms to watch for, how type 2 is … Read more
Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It usually appears suddenly, often in children and young adults, but it can start at any age. Early recognition matters because delayed diagnosis can lead … Read more
By Adam | Published November 13, 2025 Quick answer: Persistent thirst, frequent urination, unexplained fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds indicate elevated blood glucose. Confirm diagnosis with fasting blood glucose, A1C, or oral glucose tolerance tests. Quick summary Introduction: The silent condition that changes metabolism Diabetes develops gradually and damages blood vessels and nerves before symptoms become … Read more