Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. Adam N. Khan, MD. Here’s a clear and practical breakdown of how lupus shows up in real life today. The goal is to help patients, caregivers, and clinicians spot patterns early, understand what is typical and what is not, and know when symptoms point to something more serious. Quick … Read more

Marburg virus disease (MVD), sometimes referred to simply as Marburg, is a rare but extremely serious viral hemorrhagic fever. It’s caused by infection with Marburg virus (or closely related Ravn virus), members of the Filoviridae family — the same family as Ebola. Because of its high fatality rate, potential for human-to-human transmission, and lack of … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the pancreas stops producing insulin. Symptoms often come on quickly and can be severe. Treatment requires lifelong insulin plus education, glucose monitoring, and attention to mental health and lifestyle. New technologies and experimental therapies … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition where the body can’t use insulin properly (insulin resistance) and/or doesn’t make enough insulin. That results in high blood sugar over time, which damages nerves, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, and more. This article explains symptoms, how clinicians … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary “Type 3 diabetes” is used in two different ways in medicine. One is type 3c or pancreatogenic diabetes — real, caused by damage to the pancreas. The other is a controversial label for Alzheimer’s disease linked to brain insulin resistance. This article explains … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar first recognized during pregnancy. Most people have no clear symptoms, so screening matters. When detected, treatment focuses on keeping blood glucose in target ranges using diet, monitoring, activity, and medication when needed. Proper care reduces risks to … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the body destroys its own insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. Genetics set the stage, but environmental triggers — infections, gut microbiome changes, and possibly early-life exposures — start the process in susceptible people. There is … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick answer Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar first recognized during pregnancy. It usually develops because pregnancy hormones make the body less responsive to insulin. Many cases can be prevented or their risk reduced with preconception and early-pregnancy lifestyle changes, targeted risk screening, and close … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 2 diabetes happens when the body cannot use insulin properly and the pancreas can no longer keep up. Major drivers are excess body fat, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, age, and genetics. Most cases can be delayed or prevented with sustained lifestyle change, … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 3 diabetes is a nonstandard term used in two different ways: (1) as a label for brain insulin resistance linked to Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, and (2) as type 3c or pancreatogenic diabetes — diabetes that results from structural damage … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary — what this article covers Type 3 diabetes is a research term used to describe brain insulin resistance and impaired brain glucose metabolism that some investigators link to Alzheimer’s disease and related cognitive decline. It is not an official diagnostic label in major … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. It usually appears suddenly, often in children and young adults, but it can start at any age. Early recognition matters because delayed diagnosis can lead … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Type 2 diabetes is a common, long-term condition where your body does not use insulin properly. Blood sugar can drift high and stay high. Left unchecked, that causes damage to organs and nerves. This article explains the symptoms to watch for, how type 2 is … Read more

Medically Reviewed and Compiled by Dr. [Adam N. Khan], MD. Quick summary (one line) Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar first recognized during pregnancy; many people have no symptoms, so screening and prevention matter. What gestational diabetes is Gestational diabetes (GDM) is glucose intolerance that begins or is first detected during pregnancy. It usually resolves … Read more

By Dr Adam | Published November 13, 2025 Quick answer: The A1C test measures average blood sugar over 2–3 months by evaluating glycated hemoglobin. Values below 5.7% indicate normal glucose control, 5.7–6.4% identify prediabetes, and 6.5% or higher confirms diabetes. Regular testing detects uncontrolled glucose early and guides treatment precisely.Quick summary What is the A1C Test? The … Read more