Kidney stones are one of the most painful urological conditions, affecting nearly 1 in 10 people at some point in their lives. While they vary in size—from a grain of sand to a golf ball—their symptoms can be unmistakable. But how do you know if that sudden back pain is a kidney stone or something else?
In this guide, we’ll break down the key symptoms of kidney stones, explain why they happen, and help you understand when it’s time to see a doctor.
Common Symptoms of Kidney Stones
1. Severe, Fluctuating Pain (Renal Colic)
The hallmark symptom of a kidney stone is intense, cramping pain that comes in waves. This happens as the stone moves through the urinary tract, causing blockages and spasms.
- Location: Pain typically starts in the back or side below the ribs, then radiates to the lower abdomen and groin.
- Type of Pain: Often described as sharp, stabbing, or throbbing—some compare it to childbirth.
- Movement Matters: Pain shifts as the stone travels—if it reaches the bladder, discomfort may lessen temporarily.
2. Painful or Frequent Urination
As the stone nears the bladder, you might experience:
- Dysuria (burning sensation while peeing)
- Urgency (feeling like you need to go constantly)
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine (a sign of infection)
3. Blood in Urine (Hematuria)
Kidney stones can irritate the urinary tract, leading to pink, red, or brown urine. While alarming, this doesn’t always mean the stone is large—small stones can still cause bleeding.
(Expert Tip: Mention that not all hematuria is visible—microscopic blood may only show up in a urine test.)
4. Nausea & Vomiting
The intense pain can trigger nausea or vomiting due to shared nerve pathways between the kidneys and digestive system.
5. Fever & Chills (Sign of Infection)
If a stone causes a blockage leading to infection, symptoms may include:
- Fever above 101°F (38.3°C)
- Chills and fatigue
- Foul-smelling urine
Warning: Fever + kidney stone pain = medical emergency (possible sepsis risk).
Less Common (But Possible) Symptoms
- Difficulty urinating (if the stone is blocking urine flow)
- Persistent groin pain (especially in men)
- General malaise (feeling unwell without clear cause)
When to See a Doctor
Seek immediate medical help if you experience:
- Unbearable pain that doesn’t improve with OTC meds
- Blood in urine
- Fever or chills (possible infection)
- Inability to urinate (complete blockage is dangerous)
Final Thoughts: Don’t Ignore the Signs
Kidney stone symptoms can range from mild discomfort to excruciating pain. Recognizing them early can prevent complications like infections or kidney damage.
Prevention Tip: Staying hydrated is key—drink enough water so your urine is light yellow.